Peat wetlands - A compilation of material

The following provides a collection of information related to peat ecosystems. It also demonstrates the fragmented and disparate nature of current data with no seamlessly consistent national peat layer being available for Australia. Potential also exists to develop a national peat ecosystem typology within the over arching ANAE Classification Framework. (Note work in progress).

Peat / wetlands - Carbon and Water
- Carbon sequestration by Victorian inland wetlands, P Carnell et al (2016) Local download
- Carbon stocks, sequestration, and emissions of wetlands in south eastern Australia, Carnell et al (2018)
- Peatland carbon stores and fluxes in the Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, Australia, Hope and Nanson (2015)
- Forgotten peatlands of eastern Australia: An unaccounted carbon capture and storage system, Cowley and Fryirs (2020)
- Accumulation and attrition of peat soils in the Australian Alps: Isotopic dating evidence, Grover et al (2012)
- Scientists discover how to restore carbon-rich peatlands using Rapid Evidence Review method (2021)
- Why wetlands can (and should) boost your NDC, (2020)
- Australia's Nationally Determined Contribution, and Update Letter Aust Gov Communication 2022
- Interventions to better manage the carbon stocks in Australian Melaleuca forests, Tran et al (2013)
- Locking Carbon in Wetlands: Enhancing Climate Action by Including Wetlands in NDCs Policy Brief
- Locking Carbon in Wetlands: Enhancing Climate Action by Including Wetlands in NDCs Full Report
- 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands, Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Local download
- An appraisal of Indonesia's peat carbon stock
- Carbon-rich soils, deep peat and priority Peatland habitat mapping. Scottish Natural Heritage (2016) Local download
- Carbon and peatland 2016 map in Scotland's soils
- Mapping the contribution of Phototrophic microbes to the global carbon cycle of Peatlands (2021)
- Upland Peatlands of Eastern Australia as Important Water Storage Reservoirs, Cowley et al (2020)
- Testing peat humification analysis in an Australian context: identifying wet shifts in regional climate over the past 4000 years, Burrows et al (2014)
- Measuring Carbon Stocks across land use systems - A Manual, Hairiah et al (2010)
- Module C-CSA: Calculations for Estimating Carbon Stocks, Goslee et al, (Undated)
- Measuring and reporting soil oragnic carbon, WA Agric (2021)

Peat and Fire
- Wildfire and drainage accelerate carbon loss from northern peatlands (2023)
- Up in smoke: Human activities are fueling wildfires that burn essential carbon-sequestering peatlands (2023)
- Moderate drop in water table increases peatland vulnerability to post-fire regime shift, Kettridge et al (2015)
- Can ash from smoldering fires increase peatland soil pH? Marcotte et al (2022)
- Large fires and their ecological consequences: introduction to the special issue, Williams and Bradstock (2008)
- Bushfire response 2020 - alpine bogs: how are they coping? and report download
- Post-fire impact assessment of Tasmanian Sphagnum Bogs - Unmanned aerial system mapping trials and method development, Harding et al (2022)
- Review of emissions from smouldering peat fires and their contribution to regional haze episodes, Hu et al (2018)
- TWWHA Bushfire Research Group Lake Mackenzie Alpine Fire Impacts Workshop, Uni Tas (2016)
- Impact of fires on Tasmanian Alpine Vegetation and Soils, Kirkpatrick and Dickinson (1984)
- Short-term recovery of cushion plant communities after fire on the central plateau, Tasmania, Harding and Kirkpatrick et al (2018)
- Impact of changes in lightning fire incidence on the values of the Tasmanian wilderness world heritage area, Kirkpatrick et al (2018)
- The vulnerability of peatlands in the Australian Alps, French et al (2016)
- How snow gum forests and sub-alpine peatlands recover after fire: Black Saturday Victoria 2009 – Natural values fire recovery program. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria, Coats et al (2012)

Global and International
- Global Peatlands Initiative and 2022 Global Peatlands Assessment: The State of the World’s Peatlands
  - Main report (and local download 14 MBytes)
  - Summary for Policy Makers (and local download 1.5 MBytes)
  - The Global Peat Map (and local download 14 MBytes)
  - Oceania chapter (1.5 MBytes)
  - Report launch
  - Press release
- Global Peat Press Project
- Global Peatland Database
- International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG)
- A map of global peatland distribution created using machine learning for use in terrestrial ecosystem and earth system models (2017) and Local download
- Global Peatland Map 2.0 (Dec 2021) Oceania UNEP Global Peatland GPA 2.0 Layer - password protected
- A map of global peatland extent created using machine learning, Peat-ML (2021) Peat-ML dataset download tif or nc format (62 Mbytes) 2022 Article (26 MBytes)
- GlobalForestWatch - Global Peatland Layer (2019)
- GRID ARENDAL - Global distribution of peatlands (2017)
- Mires and Peat Journal
- UNEP-WCMC Peat (db Search)
- Briefing paper: accelerating action to Save Peat for Less Heat!
- Towards a national peat assessment Canada
- Northern Peatlands in Canada - spatial story line
- Assessment of Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change - (2008) Wetlands International
- Peatland mapping and monitoring - Recommendations and technical overview (2020) SDG 13 and 15. UN FAO
- FAO reports and tools, manuals for peatland mapping and monitoring, satellite data analysis (including some innovative new peat soil moisture analysis using SENTINEL 1 Radar)
- Indonesia Operational Plan FOLU-Net-Sink 2030
- Indonesia Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency mapping tool
- CIFOR SWAMP Global Wetlands https://www2.cifor.org/global-wetlands/ (See swamp and bog)
- CIFOR - Tropical-SubTropical dataset 2016 v21 tif (390 MBytes) and TROP-SUBTROP_PeatV21_2016_CIFOR.7z package (40 Mbytes)
- Global Landscapes Forum Peatland article plus Comparing three peatland regions and Congo Basin Peatlands
- Wetlands International Peatlands and search (5 records)
- International Peatland Society - Document Database
- FAO Organic soils (histosols) and drained organic soils
- The Global Peatland CO₂ Picture - Peatland status and emissions in all counties of the world. Draft 2009

Classification and Mapping
- Peat definitions: A critical review, Lourenco et al (2022)
- International Peatland Society - Mire classification and typology
- FAO Peatland Mapping and monitoring - Recommendations and technical overview (2020) Local download
- Recommendations for priority action on peatland mapping and monitoring, FAO (2019)
- FAO Chapter 5 Peat Classification - includes overview of classification systems and A proposed general classification for peat, pus classification of organic soils according to soil taxonomy in Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils, JP Andriesse FAO Soils Bulletin 59 (1988)
- International Peatland Society Document Database
- Classification and distribution of freshwater peatlands in Maine Davis RB and Anderson DS (2001)
- Guidance on identifying peatlands as Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) for global climate change regulation as an additional argument to existing Ramsar criteria. Resolution XIII.12 (2018)
- Digital mapping of peatlands - A critical review Minasny et al (2019)
- Peatland habitats
- Peatland Classification - Richard Lindsay 2018. Chapter in The Wetland Book. Provides a review of Peatland Ecosystem classification
- Economics of Peatlands Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Management and local download (6 MBytes)
- UNEP Peat references and WCMC Site
- Map accuracy and area estimation - a practical guide, FAO (2016)

Protection and Vulnerability
- The vulnerability of peatlands in the Australian Alps, French et al (2016)
- Distribution, nature and threats to soils of the Australian Alps: A review, Wilson et al (2022)
- Indicative Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for Wetlands in Victoria, Dept Sustainability and Environment (2013)
- Impacts of feral horses in the Australian Alps and evidence-based solutions, Driscoll et al (2019)
- Moderate drop in water table increases peatland vulnerability to post-fire regime shift, Kettridge et al (2015)
- Species Profile and Threats Database - Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens Also Distribution Map plus Listing Advice and Conservation Advice
- Species Profile and Threats Database - Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula plus Conservation Advice, Distribution Map and Information Sheet
- Species Profile and Threats Database - Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone plus Conservation Advice, Distribution Map and Information Sheet One, Two, Three and Four
- Species Profile and Threats Database - Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion plus Conservation Advice and Distribution Map
- Species Profile and Threats Database - Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain plus Listing Advice, Interim Recovery Plan and Distribution Map
- Database - The community of native species dependent on natural discharge of groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin plus Listing Advice and Information Sheet Vol 1 and Vol 2
- National Recovery Planfor the Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens - a threatened ecological community listed under the
  Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Aust Gov (2015)
- Add others

National

Mires Down Under - the Peatlands of Australia, Whinam et al (2012)
The Peatlands of the Australasian Region Whinam and Hope 2005 Local download
Australian peatlands: a brief consideration of their origin, distribution, natural values and threats M Pemberton 2005
Sphagnum in peatlands of Australasia: Their distribution, utilisation and management, Whinam et al (2003)
data.gov.au https://data.gov.au/search?q=peat (41 records, as of 3 June 2022)
DCCEEW site search https://www.dcceew.gov.au/search?search_api_fulltext=peat
Protected Matters Search Tool https://www.environment.gov.au/search/site/peat (517 records) - now redundant!
Atlas of Living Australia https://bie.ala.org.au/search?q=peat (3 records with 88 occurrences, as of 3 June 2022)
DIWA https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/wetlands/search.pl?smode=DOIW (3 records)
ARDC Research Data Australia link (51 records as of 3 June 2022)
TERN Australian Soil Classification Map data and Map - see Organosol
Untangling geochronological complexity in organic spring deposits using multiple dating methods, Field et al (2018)
Great Artesian Basin Springs: a Plan for the Future. Evidence-based methodologies for managing risks to spring values. Prepared for the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, South Australian Department for Environment and Water, Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, and the Northern Territory Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Brake et al (2019) - search 'peat'

QLD

NSW
- Peat-forming bogs and fens of the Snowy Mountains
- Assessment of Montane Peatlands and Swamps EEC on NSW Crown Forest Estate
- Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens Endangered Ecological Community, Kosciusko Resorts VIS_ID 4836 and dataset
- Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone (THPSS) spatial distribution maps
- Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone Monitoring and Management Plan for LW 418, Continental Coal, Springvale (2018)
- Peatlands in eastern Australia? Sedimentology and age structure of Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone (THPSS) in the Southern Highlands and Blue Mountains of NSW, Australia, Fryirs et al (2014)
- Alpine Bogs: Locating communities most at risk - involves ACT, NSW and Vic
- Science Through Time: Understanding the Archive at Rennix Gap Bog, a Sub-alpine Peatland in Kosciuszko National Park, Hope et al (2019)
- Thirlmere Lakes – A Synthesis of Current Research, NSW Department of Planning and Environment (2022)
- Examining the response of an eastern Australian mangrove forest to changes in hydro-period over the last century, Marx et al (2020)
- NSW SEED Peat (844 records)
- Data.NSW https://data.nsw.gov.au/search/search?q=peat (24 records)

ACT
- ACT High Country Bogs and Fens and report View in ArcGIS Online and metadata record Download avail in a number of spatial formats
- Impact of fires on Alpine Bogs - Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
- Alpine Bogs: Locating communities most at risk - involves ACT, NSW and Vic
- Wetland vulnerability to climate change in the ACT 2017 (includes updated layer with attributes) (note terms)
- ACT GeoHub Peat (1 record)
- ACT Open Data Portal https://www.data.act.gov.au/browse?q=peat&sortBy=relevance (1 record)

VIC
- Victorian Alpine Bogs https://www.ari.vic.gov.au/research/wetlands-and-floodplains/alpine-sphagnum-bogs-if-we-map-them-we-can-manage-them
- Spatial data avail in https://discover.data.vic.gov.au/dataset/victorian-wetland-inventory-current
- Alpine Bogs: Locating communities most at risk - involves ACT, NSW and Vic
- Bushfire response 2020 - alpine bogs: how are they coping? and report download
- Indicative Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for Wetlands in Victoria, Dept Sustainability and Environment (2013)
- How snow gum forests and sub-alpine peatlands recover after fire: Black Saturday Victoria 2009 – Natural values fire recovery program. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria, Coats et al (2012)
- Otway Water. Impacts Resulting from the Big Swamp Drying Out A book documenting the drying of Yeodene Swamp (a.k.a. The Big Swamp) and the resulting generation of acid from exposing acid sulphate soils to oxidation, as well as peat fires. Quite a lot of useful anecdotal observations and empirical evidence are included. Comprehensive bibliography included. Download
- Data Vic search Peat https://discover.data.vic.gov.au/dataset?q=peat (0 records)

TAS
- Alpine Wetlands and Peat Swamps
- A study of the ecology of Tasmanian Sphagnum peatlands Whinam PhD Thesis (1992)
- Post-fire impact assessment of Tasmanian Sphagnum Bogs - Unmanned aerial system mapping trials and method development, Harding et al (2022)
- TWWHA Bushfire Research Group Lake Mackenzie Alpine Fire Impacts Workshop, Uni Tas (2016)
- Impact of changes in lightning fire incidence on the values of the Tasmanian wilderness world heritage area, Kirkpatrick et al (2018)
- Short-term recovery of cushion plant communities after fire on the central plateau, Tasmania, Harding and Kirkpatrick et al (2018)
- The Mount Wellington String Bog, Tasmania, Whinam and Kirkpatrick, 1994
- Impact of fires on Tasmanian Alpine Vegetation and Soils, Kirkpatrick and Dickinson (1984)
- Organic Soils Characteristics Map - courtesy of Rob Moreton
  - Organic Soils Presence / Absence Sites https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=647010
  - Organic Soils Extent and Likelihood https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=647013
  - Organic Soils Characteristics https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=647014
  - Organic Soils Drainage https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=647016
  - Organic Soils Depth https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=647024
  - Organic Soils Humification https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=647030
  - All layers bookmark https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=684827
- Tas theLIST Peat (18 records)

SA
- Fleurieu swamps EPBC Listing and rehabilitation and general info
- Enviro Data SA Peat https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/SearchCenter/results.aspx?k=peat (219 records)
- Species Profile and Threats Database - Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion and Conservation Advice and Map of Community
- Sth Aust Peat - Soil Group N and dataset download

WA
- WA Walpole Wilderness Peat Wetlands (avail as Web Service and spatial download)
- WA Peat https://catalogue.data.wa.gov.au/dataset?q=peat (1 record)
- WA Peat Mound Springs
- Community of Tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain
- Assemblages of Big Springs organic mound springs - West Kimberley
- An Assessment of Water Sources for Heritage Listed Organic Mound Springs in NW Australia Using Airborne Geophysical (Electromagnetics and Magnetics) and Satellite Remote Sensing Methods. Rutherford et al (2021) and local download (11 MBytes)
- Hydrological conceptualisation of the Walyarta Mound springs. Perth, Western Australia. Rutherford et al (2018) and local download (30 MBytes)
- Aquatic Fauna Survey at Mandora Marsh (Walyarta) in September 2015, Quinlan et al (2016)
- A survey of aquatic invertebrates of Nimalarragan wetland north of Broome, Pinder et al (2019)
- Biodiversity Survey, Mapping, Delineation and Assessment of Selected Organic Mound Springs of the Kimberley Region. Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth (2020)
- Vegetation and flora survey of the Nimalarragun wetlands, Dampier Peninsular, English et al (2021)
- Albany Regional Vegetation Survey, Extent Type and Status. Sandiford EM and Barrett S (2010).
- Empodisma Literature Review Winkle et al, Edith Cowan University (2021)
- Predictive Mapping of Empodisma gracillimum based on peatlands of southwestern Australia- Technical Report (2021) and Presentation (2021)
- Empodisma peatland communities presentation Horwitz (2021)
- Empodisma gracillimum based on peatlands of southwestern Australia - Listing process, DAWE Ecological Communities Section (2021)
- WA Status of datasets - work in progress (2021 excel file)

NT
- Data NT search for Peat https://www.ntlis.nt.gov.au/imfPublic/imf.jsp?site=nt_atlas (0 records)
- Mires Down Under - the Peatlands of Australia,Whinam et al (2012) Page 410
- The Peatlands of the Australasian Region Whinam and Hope 2005 Local download Pages 20 - 22
- Terrestrial Ecology Report - Tiwi Islands H2 Project, Provaris Energy, EcOz Environmental Consultants, (2021)

Antarctica and External Islands

The contribution of Antarctic moss peat to the understanding of global peatland processes, Fenton (2022) Local download
Flora of Australia - Vol 50, Oceanic Islands 2, Aust Gov (1993) and local download (17 MBytes)
Investigating early settlement on Lord Howe Island, Atholl Anderson (2003)
Modern pollen rain and recent vegetation history on Lord Howe Island - Evidence of Human Impact, Dobson (1982)
The Flora, Vegetation and Soils of Macquarie Island, B. W. Taylor, Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, (1955)
Wind and Water Erosion of a Peat and Sand Area on Subantarctic Macquarie Island, Selkirk and Saffigna (1999)
The Vegetation Communities: Macquarie Island Vegetation, In From Forest to Fjaeldmark: Descriptions of Tasmania's Vegetation (Edition 2) Tas Gov (2013)
Macquarie Island World Heritage Area Geoconservation Strategy. Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment, Hobart, Comfort (2014)
Detecting and mapping vegetation distribution on the Antarctic Peninsula from remote sensing data, Fretwell, (2011)
Climate change impacts in polar-1 regions: lessons from Antarctic moss bank archives, Royles and Griffiths (2014)
Vegetation Change on subantarctic Macquarie Island, Fitzgerald, PhD Thesis (2019)
A Classification of Subantarctic Heard Island Vegetation, Bergstrom et al (2002)
The Formation of Vertical Edges on Antarctic Moss Peat Banks, Fenton (1982)
Soil organic matter composition, transformation, and microbial colonisation of Gelic Podzols in the coastal region of East Antarctica, Beyer et al (2001)
¹⁵N natural abundance of fossil peat reflects the influence of animal-derived nitrogen on vegetation, Berstrom et al (2002)
Management Plan for Australia’s Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) Marine Reserve, Aust Antarctic Division (2014)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Data and Spatial Data Downloads Aust Antarctic Division
Heard Island Vegetation GIS Dataset, Ver. 1, Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Harris (2008)